Relationship between meteorological parameters and some intestinal infectious diseases / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#Mongolia is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to its geographical location, climate conditions, level of development and lifestyle of the population.</br> The “Impact of Climate Change on Drinking Water, Health and Adaptability” study report has shown that climate change is affecting the quality and composition of drinking water, drying up many rivers and lakes and reducing groundwater levels.</br> There was a strong positive correlation between precipitation and air temperature and dysentery, diarrhea and salmonellosis, while there was a strong negative correlation between precipitation, air temperature and viral hepatitis. @*Goal@#The goal of the study was to reveal correlation between meteorology parameters and some intestinal infectious diseases and human health in Mongolia.@*Material and Methods@#We evaluated climate and certain morbidity (intestinal infections) indicators for the last 15 years (2005-2019) using descriptive survey methods. The methodology of the survey has developed and discussed at the Scientific Council meeting of NCPH, 12th of Oct, 2020. The methodology of the survey has developed and discussed at Medical Ethics Reviews Committee of MOH on 23rd. of June, 2021.@*Results@#On the other hand, the average air temperature has intensively risen for the last three decades since 1990 with the warmest average temperature between 2001-2010, whereas the coldest average temperature has been observed between 1951-1960. In 2005-2009, the prevalence of intestinal infections per 10.000 population was 0.8 cases of salmonellosis, 11.2 cases of dysentery, 0.2 cases of diarrhea, and 39.0 instances of hepatitis A. Throughout 2015 and 2019, the prevalence of salmonellosis fell by 0.1 per 10.000 population, dysentery by 2.9, diarrhea by 0.1, and hepatitis A by 0.1.@*Conclusion@#A seasonal trend in intestinal infections was observed (p<0.001). Strong positive correlation was found between high temperature and some intestinal infections (hepatitis А, dysentery, salmonellosis) respectively.

Emerging Threat of Salmonella typhimurium in Extraintestinal Infections: Cases from a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

Purpose:Infections due to invasive non-typhoid salmonella can be dangerous and fatal. The mode of infection and the severity varies from the typhoidal fevers. It is important to find the association between clinical features and the infecting serovar to understand the pathophysiology and course of treatment Methods:In the present study, extra-intestinal specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid and pus) from three patients suffering from septicaemia, meningitis and osteomyelitis were received. Micro-biological and biochemical test for species identification and antibiotic susceptibility was done as per standard protocol.Further, PCR based amplification and sequencing of a portion of the flagellin gene (FliC) was done to confirm the serovar.Results: Salmonellaentericawas identified from all the threeby microbiological and biochemical examination.The sequence of the Flic gene confirmed the serovar to be S.typhimurium. All the patients were treated successfully for the infectionby appropriate antibiotic therapy. Conclusion:The study highlights that serovarTyphimurium is common in invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis and its pathophysiology and virulence factors expression should be understood in various organ types for better treatment options and outcomes

Risk Factors Analysis of Gastro- Intestinal Infections among the Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background: Viral hepatitis is one of the major public healthconcerns around the world. Every year millions of people diefrom viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis and liver cancer. Howeverthe fact is the majority of the infected populations are unawareof their condition.Objective: The objective of the study was to find out theproportion of the risk factors associated with gastrointestinalinfections among the inpatients attending in tertiary carehospital in Dhaka city.Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried outamong the hospital admitted patients at gastroenterologydepartment from January to April, 2019.A total of 193patientswere purposively selected who were above 18 years anddiagnosed case of hepatitis, diarrhoeal diseases, enteric fever,H. pylori infection.Results: The outcome of the study was that, majority82(42.5%) of the patients age was between 21-40 years.Maximum participants were male (65.3%). Study found thatamong 193 patients, 45 (23.3%) were diagnosed as hepatitisB, 31 (16.1%) were H. pylori infection, 29 (15.0%) diarrhoea,hepatitis C 19 (9.8%), hepatitis E 23 (11.9%) and hepatitis A 21(10.9%). It also found that mean duration of Gastro-Intestinal(GI) infection was 2.59 (± 3.22) years. Water borne diseaseslike hepatitis A, E, diarrhoea, typhoid and H. pylori infectionmostly presents due to 44 (34.4%) patients drunk water fromsupply water (Dhaka WASA), 73.4% eaten street juice and79.7% had eaten street food before diagnosed diseases.Commonest risk factors were hepatitis B and C. 37 (56.9%)patients had received blood previously, 11 (17.2%) had theirprevious history of operation, 42 (64.6%) had visited dentist fordental issues, 29 (44.6%) patients attended endoscopy orcolonoscopy test, 28 (43.1%) patients informed that they hadfaced minor skin injury when shaving in salon and 6 (9.2%)patients mentioned taken dialysis. According to the findings,20.3% patients having liver diseases, 5.7% heart diseases,4.1% respiratory diseases, 7.3% renal diseases, 26.4%diabetic, 22.8% hypertensive, 15.0% anemia and 26.9%smoker Street juice [OR: 95% CI, 4.9%] and Street food [OR:95% CI, 6.1%] risk of hepatitis A infection. The proportion ofrisk factors of hepatitis B infection revealed that the patientswho received blood previously [OR: 95% CI, 3.14%] has therisk of hepatitis, second hand razor use [OR: 95% CI, 7.76%],Dialysis [OR: 95% CI, 2.47%].Conclusion: Street foods & juice, unpurified water was thecommonest factors of hepatitis A &E, typhoid and diarrhea. Onthe other side, unscreened blood, dental procedure, skin injuryin saloon, dialysis and endoscopy/colonoscopy test were thecommonest risk of hepatitis B& C virus. H. pylori infection

Diarrea aguda / Acute diarrhea

En este artículo se enfocará la diarrea aguda del adulto desde una perspectiva clínica, incorporando definiciones básicas de epidemiología, fisiopatología, enfrentamiento clínico, estudio cuando corresponda y tratamiento. Se presentarán nuevas herramientas diagnósticas basadas en biología molecular, de reciente introducción en clínica y que han significado un aporte en casos seleccionados. Además, se enfrentan situaciones especiales como la diarrea del viajero y de los pacientes inmunocomprometidos. La diarrea asociada a antibióticos se tratará en un artículo aparte.

In this article of acute diarrhea in adults, will present from a clinical perspective, including different basic definitions from epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical approach, corresponding studies and treatment. It includes new diagnostic tools based on molecular biology, of recent use in medical practice, that have had a relevant effect in selected cases. It also includes special situations, such as traveler's diarrhea and immunosuppressed patients. We exclude from this article antibiotics-related diarrhea.

Diagnosis of intestinal infections by cultivation

An evaluation of the efficiency of fecal cultivation in modified Boeck and Drbohlav diphasic medium for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoan infections in comparison with 4 coverslip preparations of direct fecal smears and formalin-ether concentration technic was undertaken Of the three technics, cultivation has the highest percentage recovery efficiency for E. histolytica and T. hominis. Of 24 specimens positive for E. histolytica, cultivation detected 23 or 95.8 in contrast to 9 or 69.2 positive by combination of direct fecal smear and formalin-ether concentration. Forty-four specimens were positive by cultivation for T. hominis while only 16 of these or 37.2 were positive by direct fecal smear. Formalin-ether concentration is not suitable for the detection of T. hominis since the organisms are caught in the ether-debris layer In view of our experience, cultivation is recommended to be used routinely in the diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis. (Summary)